The attached article and references have been published in the Journal of Neurotherapy. The following link is directly to an online pdf file:      

The ANI (Applied Neuroscience, Inc) Z DLL is a software option that enables the BrainMaster 2.5 and 3.0 software to compute and use Z scores in real time for assessment and training.   For a current brochure, see:   For technical information, see:    ...

The live Z scores are based upon a dynamic database and joint-time-frequency analysis, while the NeuroGuide postprocessed Z Scores are based upon a normative database of 1-minute averages.  Thus they have different statistics, as is expected. It is like taking one set of statistics of...

Protocol Designs for the Z Score Basic Training Workshop

White paper discussing Z Score training.

This sheet will help plan as well as record z score training sessions. It was designed by Doerte Klein of Hanover, Germany.

The most important thing about live Z Score training is that it is scientific.  It is based upon published research and a well-documented normative database.  It uses concepts that have been proven in clinical research to lead to beneficial outcomes.  It eliminates guesswork, and...

The question regards a protocol that trains live Z-scores and also uptrains alpha amplitude.   Is it possible that this protocol could lead to a paradox. In otherwords, alpha training might put you into a state of higher than normal alpha amplitude/coherence, if this exceeds the Z score...

There has been some understandable concern that the automated training provided by live Z Scores may replace the clinician, providing a simple "plug and play" approach.  We do not see this as a concern. The clinician is first of all completely responsible for the client's...

This manual and companion files were set up by Nancy Wigton.  It may make it easier to install your Applied Neuroscience Z Scores. The attached "bmz" files can be used by simply clicking on the file names, and selecting "Open".  The files will be automatically...

If you get an initialization error when starting the Z DLL, here are the possible status (error) codes: 3.1 - Return Values:        1                    ...

During the recent Master's golf tournament, I was able to make a connection between golf scores and z-scores.  This relates to the connection between instantaneous z-scores from the live DLL, and the z-scores obtained from a 1-minute or longer assessment.  It is typically seen that, even...

This design trains all Z scores to target except absolute power. The target can be biased with separate upper and lower limits.   Note:  This protocol design, and all designs provided by BrainMaster, are for demonstration and illustration purposes only.  It is the...

Multivariate Proportional (MVP) Targeting in the BrainMaster system is a new method that combines metrics such as live Z-scores in a unique manner, to facilitate operant conditioning and neurofeedback training.  It differs from conventional multivariate techniques in that it creates...

The "related" articles below contain field reports and case studies on live Z-score training   Also, a recent case study is:      

To review z-score progress, there are a variety of methods. One of the best is to use the z-score display in BReview. See for example: This is a one-session change.  We are seeing things like this to show the within-session change very helpful.  You can also flip from...

Multivariate Proportional Neurofeedback, Percent Z-OK, and the future of Live Z-Score Training   Over the past 5 years, BrainMaster has led the industry in developing and innovating software to use normative or reference databases to provide Live Z-Score Training (LZT) methods for...

The attached design will run 2 or 4 channels of live z-scores, and also reward changes in the ultra-low frequency (Slow Cortical Potential) using additional sound feedback.  It provides the standard "Mark Smith" type of PZOKUL training, and adds the SCP via. the Event Wizard. ...

The attached sheet was developed by Dr. Joseph Guan of Singapore, and is useful for documenting z-score training sessions  Dr. Guan is with the Brain Enhancement Centre Pte., Ltd, in Peace Centre, Singapore, and is a co-author of a recent case study report, also attached to this article.

If you installed the newest software with the ANI Z DLL, you may need to download and install the new software from National Instruments to support it.  It is available at: